Ontogenetic study of Bothrops jararacussu venom composition reveals distinct profiles

Abstract

Concerning snake venoms, numerous authors worked with different species of Bothrops focusing on the ontogeny of these animals. However, according to PubMed database, no results on studies related to Bothrops jararacussu ontogeny were displayed until now. This fact led us to develop a greater interest in the venom ontogenetic variability of this species, which is little explored so far. Among snakes of the genus Bothrops, B. jararacussu was previously described as the one with highest myotoxic activity. Another peculiarity was also observed in its venom: a low rate of immunogenicity. In addition, its activity is not efficiently neutralized by the specific antibothropic serum. Considering these particularities, we performed an ontogenetic study of B. jararacussu using venom samples from newborns of the same litter (<6 months) and adults (>24 months). Our results identified two distinct profiles in the venom of these animals: young individuals with little PLA2 K-49 and more proteases; and adults with a lot of the same myotoxic PLA2, but less proteases. The HPLC and SDS-PAGE profiles corroborated our findings. Adults showed more hemorrhagic activity in vivo than juveniles, while adult males showed less activity when compared to females. In vivo myotoxicity activity was higher in adults than in juveniles. Immune recognition assays showed different results for the distinct venom.