Variabilidade de microssatélites e geometria alar em Aedes aegypti

Abstract

The Aedes (Stegomya) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is a Culicidae with high geographical coverage, restricted only on the poles. Due to its bond with several arboviruses, it is one of the most important mosquitoes species for global public health. It reproduces easily in Brazil because of its favorable climate to the species. Many control methods have been proposed to it, but the rapid microevolution of these mosquitoes turns into a limiting factor, compromising the efficacy of most of them. Molecular markers as DNA SSR (microsatellites) demonstrate great results in the investigation of populations and microevolution studies but demands a high financial value. In parallel, studies with morphological markers such as wing geometry have been proposed as a cheap and sensitive tool for detecting the same kind of data. In this study, both markers were used aiming to distinguish two populations based on its variability index. The first one, original from the Santos city - SP (SAN), and the second one, highly endomorphic and originated by a Higgs strain (COL) by the Instituto Butantan. With the molecular marker, we successfully had a standardization of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in situ of four loci. Another fourteen microsatellite loci were ex-situ genotyped. Data from that were analyzed by this study author and demonstrated higher genetic variability in the SAN population. The morphological marker reinforced SAN as the most variated population and indicated a possible ancestral polymorphism in the COL population, demonstrating once again the capacity of allelic maintenance of the Aedes aegypti species and the sensibility of wing geometry as a morphological marker. With this study, we could describe a pattern of variability of endogamic population to genetic marker as microsatellite DNA and morphological marker as wing geometry. This is the possible first study to describe the biological variability of an endogamic population.