Revisão da classificação de bactérias e investigação de genes de interesse médico por meio de análise genômica (in silico) e ferramentas de bioinformática

Abstract

Bioinformatics has generated a great impact in the scientific field due to its diverse applications, one of its highlights being the study of genomes through tools that make it possible to carry out sequence alignment, identification of protein families profile, genome annotation and the investigation of presence/absence of resistance and virulence genes based on different databases. A resource that has recently gained prominence in the classification of microorganisms is called ANI (Average Nucleotide Identity), which seeks, through the average nucleotide similarity between genomes, to demarcate boundaries between species. Another relevant resource is the investigation of microorganisms with potential multi-resistance. We used both of these resources to investigate a significative number of isolates of the genus Neisseria and Vibrio, which, in addition to having gone through recent phylogenetic reclassifications, present possible multiresistant species. We sought to identify possible classification inconsistencies of species from the genus Neisseria and Vibrio through ANI, proposing reclassifications when applicable. Another objective was to analyze the presence / absence of resistance and virulence genes through bioinformatics software. Among the investigated species N. sicca LPB0402 and N. perflava LPB0400 need to undergo a reclassification, due to having presented ANI of 99.99%, which define them as the same species. Concerning the genus Vibrio, we suggest with low doubt, that V. lentus 5F79 and V. tasmaniensis 5F79 are the same species, since they present ANI of 99.97%, whereas V. lentus 10N6145B10 with ANI of 95.62% and 95.64% respectively, when compared to these two isolates cited above, should also be included in this same species. As for resistance genes N. lactamica, N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and especially N. brasiliensis N17716, V. hepatarius DSM19134 and V. cholerae 1Mo have a potential profile of multiresistance; V. mimicus 2011V1073 stood out in terms of virulence. We can conclude that the analysis of the genome of bacterial isolates allowed us to find classification inconsistencies and to generate proposals for reclassification, as well as allowed us to show that isolates not considered of medical interest actually have a large number of genes for vituence and antimicrobial resistance, reason why they should have their vigilance increased.